Pre-trial investigation of online fraud involving deepfake technologies and social engineering from a biosocial and life-course criminological perspective

Abstract

This article examines the pressing challenges of pre-trial investigations into online fraud involving deepfake technologies and social engineering methods. The primary goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of digital crime mechanisms through the lenses of biosocial and life-course criminology to enhance investigative effectiveness. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the necessity of adapting traditional legal instruments to conditions of technological asymmetry and digital volatility. The research methodology includes analyzing typical criminal scenarios, studying the specifics of digital traces, and modeling offender behavioral patterns based on their criminal trajectories. Key findings demonstrate the multi-level structure of the criminal mechanism and identify systemic barriers such as rapid data loss and the uncertain procedural status of synthetic content. The author concludes that forming interdisciplinary investigative teams and implementing standards for the immediate preservation of the digital environment are essential. The study's value lies in integrating behavioral analysis into criminal proceedings, facilitating a shift from reactive response to proactive profiling. The practical significance of the outcomes consists of improving investigative tactics and modernizing the regulatory framework to counter high-tech crime.